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Section I (Longer Sample) A Human Life = A Human Being = A Person The basic unit of all life is the cell. Human cells are different from plant or animal cells. At conception, unique cells — a human sperm and a human ovum — unite to become a human cell and, therefore, being the unit of life, a priori, a human life. Even primitive and ancient societies, before the discovery of the cell, recognized the distinction between vegetative life, animal life, and human life. A sperm, a unicell, has life, but does not possess the genetic code of Homo sapiens, and, although, it may potentially lead to human life, it is not existent human life. The ovum, a unicell, has life but does not have the genetic code of Homo sapiens, and, although, may potentially lead to human life, it is not existent human life. When the sperm and ovum unite in conception a zygote — a unicell — is formed. This unicell has life, but it also carries the Homo sapiens genetic code. Thus, it is human life. The individual human being begins with the formation of the zygote. In the case of identical twins, each individual begins at the time each zygote fails to divide into further zygotes; each zygote results in distinct human beings for each new zygote formed, marked from the time that further zygotes cease to be created by further division. That is, the zygote, being human life, defines a human being. Human life resulting from the formation of a zygote defines the particular distinction identifiable as a human being. A human person is a continuum of human life (of a human being) from the time of formation of the zygote, and proceeding unendingly thereafter (in legal practice a fiction has been adopted that a person ceases to exist at the time of physical death). Life is a state of continual change. Inasmuch as only a given human life, i.e., a human being, can be a person, it follows that a person is fully such from conception, even though at that point the person’s form lacks all of its potential physical and mental attributes — and nothing, in perpetuity, can change these facts. Each individual’s full potential and distinctiveness is defined at the moment of the completed formation of the zygote. This equates with the completion of the conception process. In the formation of a particular individual, conception is ended with the completed formation of the zygote. But when multiple identical zygotes are formed, from a single sperm and a single ovum, the conception process is completed only when a given zygote no longer undergoes further division. Even though after conception (or fertilization) multiple identical zygotes may be formed out of the union of a single sperm and a single ovum, each zygote has a distinct identity — that is, each, immediately, becomes a distinct person (and this fact is known by common knowledge that one person does not simultaneously co-exist in separate bodies). Each develops into a separate and recognizable person even though they may hold an identical genetic code. This fact demonstrates that being a person — a living human being — has a spiritual dimension inasmuch as the two (or more) identical physical genetic codes results in two (or more) separate cognizable individuals. Order the Treatise today to read the rest of Section I Sample Section II Sample Section III |
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